Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is an immune haemolytic anaemia from maternal alloantibodies. Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) prophylaxis can prevent alloimmunization to the D antigen. However, RhIg is not universally available in Uganda. ABO incompatibility also causes HDN. We determined the prevalence of HDN among newborn infants with jaundice in Uganda.
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Cross-sectional study of haemolytic disease of the newborn in Uganda
CLINICAL: 1 POINTS
Efficacy and safety of intravenous Iron therapy for treating Anaemia in critically ill adult: A systematic review
Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) iron therapy for treating anaemia in critically ill adults ( > 16 years) admitted to intensive care or high dependency units. We excluded quasi-RCTs and other not truly randomised trials. We searched 7 electronic databases (in-cluding CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase) using a pre-defined search strategy from inception to June 14, 2021. One reviewer screened, extracted, and analysed data, with verification by a second reviewer of all decisions.
CLINICAL: 1 POINTS
Therapeutic plasma exchange and HLA desensitization
HLA sensitization remains a significant hurdle in renal transplantation, affecting approximately one-third of the patient population on the waiting list. Despite considerable advancements over the past two decades, effective desensitization strategies are still urgently needed in clinical practice. A range of therapies, including therapeutic plasma exchange, immunotherapies targeting CD20 or CD38, proteasome inhibitors, complement inhibitors, and interleukin-6 blockade, have emerged as potential desensitization interventions. However, the outcomes from these therapies vary considerably, with each having different cost implications and profiles of adverse events.
CLINICAL: 1 POINTS
Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening, Tests and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral drug use in Brazil
Prevention of HIV acquisition by blood transfusion from its emergence to the present day is reviewed, and current challenges are delineated. The experience of Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, Brazil, is highlighted in the quest for improvements in blood safety and the evolutionof increasingly sensitive and specific screening tests. Concerns and establishing stringent criteria in the screening of potential blood donors are emphasized, and the current criteria for identifying and deferring candidates at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases are summarized.
CLINICAL: 1 POINTS
Cholera
Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and an indicator of inequity and lack of social development.
CLINICAL: 3 POINTS
CHOLERA OUTBREAK IN SOUTH AFRICA
Since the last update on 28 February 2023, four new cholera cases have been reported. All new cases were detected in Gauteng Province over the last week, and have been classified as indigenous cases; none reported recent travel (international or local) and there was no evidence of a direct link to imported cases. Three of the new cases are in the City of Johannesburg and are adults who participated in the same traditional healing ritual. One case is in Ekhurhuleni: a 10-year-old child with no history of travel and no apparent links to other cases. All new cases are recovering.
CLINICAL: 2 POINTS
Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice Test
An overview of ethics and clinical ethics is presented in this review. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed.
CLINICAL: 2 POINTS
The POPI Act and the laboratory
The POPI Act is essentially an act which protects people from harm by protecting their personal information. The act regulates the flow of information and sets out a code of conduct pertaining to how personal information is collected, handled, distributed and stored and eventually discarded. The POPI Act sets out the minimum standards regarding accessing and ‘processing’ of any personal information belonging to another. The Act defines ‘processing’ as collecting, receiving, recording, organising, retrieving, the use, distribution or sharing of any such information.
ETHICS: 2 POINTS
Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults
Whether video laryngoscopy as compared with direct laryngoscopy increases the likelihood of successful tracheal intubation on the first attempt among critically ill adults is uncertain.
ETHICS: 2 POINTS
What We Have Learned from Two Decades of Epidemics and Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Burden of Frontline Healthcare Workers
In light of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and potential future infectious disease outbreaks, a comprehensive understanding of the negative effects of epidemics and pandemics on healthcare workers’ mental health could inform appropriate support interventions. Thus, we aimed to synthesize and quantify the psychological
and psychosomatic symptoms among frontline medical staff.
ETHICS: 2 POINTS
Prevalence of Discrimination, Abuse, and Harassment in Emergency Medicine Residency Training in the US
The prevalence of workplace mistreatment and its association with the well-being of emergency medicine (EM) residents is unclear. More information about the sources of mistreatment might encourage residency leadership to develop and implement more effective strategies to improve professionalwell-being not only during residency but also throughout the physician’s career. To examine the prevalence, types, and sources of perceived workplace mistreatment during training among EM residents in the US and the association between mistreatment and suicidal ideation.
ETHICS: 2 POINTS
Gender Differences in Experiences of Leadership Emergence Among Emergency Medicine Department Chairs
The number of women entering medicine continues to increase, but women remain underrepresented at all tiers of academic rank and chair leadership in EM. The proportion of female chairs in EM has not exceeded 12% in 2 decades.
ETHICS: 2 POINTS